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Town lattice truss

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1820, Jan 28 - Ithiel Town was awarded a patent for a lattice truss used in bridge construction. Unlike other timber bridge trusses used at that time, Town's design depended on lap joints secured with treenails rather than precision mortising. This decreased the dependency on high-skill labor and decreased construction time. Though there have been many variations implemented by various builders across the many, many years, characteristics of a typical truss web are: diagonals at about 45 degrees from horizontal, each diagonal intersecting four crossing diagonals for a total of six joints per diagonal, two lower chords - one at the diagonal ends and the other at the lowest diagonal intersection, a single top chord, and floor beams resting on the bottom chord. The use of a lattice continued well beyond timber bridges and appears in sub-member construction of steel struts, chords, and sway braces.

3 Mile Bridge (Addison County, Vermont)
Built 1836; Arches added c.1860; Closed & Burned 1952
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Otter Creek on 3 Mile Bridge Road
Destroyed by fire

Ableman Curve Covered Bridge (Sauk County, Wisconsin)
Bypassed and removed 1923
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Baraboo River on Road
Removed

Ableman Station Covered Bridge (Sauk County, Wisconsin)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Baraboo River on Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Adelphi Covered Bridge 35-65-05x (Pickaway County, Ohio)
Bridge was subject to a failed dynamiting in 1949
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Salt Creek on OH 180
Replaced by a new bridge

Amoskeag Company Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Lost Bridges over Merrimack River on the current alignment of Foundry Street


Amsterdam Bridge (1843) (Montgomery County, New York)
Built 1843; North span washed away by part of the Caughnawaga Bridge & replaced iwth a bowstring 1865; Washed Away & Replaced 1876
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Mohawk River on Road
Destroyed by flooding

Arlington Green Covered Bridge 45-02-01 (Bennington County, Vermont)
Built 1852; rehabilitated 1979
Covered bridge over Battenkill River on C3023 in Arlington
Open to traffic

Ashland Covered Bridge 08-02-02 (New Castle County, Delaware)
Rehabilitated in 2008
Covered bridge over Red Clay Creek on Barley Mill Road in Ashland
Open to traffic

Ashokan Covered Bridge 32-56-05 (Ulster County, New York)
Built 1885
Town lattice truss bridge over Old Channel Esopus Creek on Footpath
Open to pedestrians only

Ashuelot Covered Bridge 29-03-02 (Cheshire County, New Hampshire)
Built 1864; rehabilitated 1999
Covered bridge over Ashuelot River on Gunn Mountain Road in Winchester
Open to traffic

Auchumpkee Creek Covered Bridge 10-145-02 #2 (Upson County, Georgia)
Built 1892, rebuilt 1997 after it was damaged by a flood.
Lattice through truss bridge over Auchumpkee Creek on Allen Road
Open to pedestrians

B&M - Penacook Upper Covered Bridge (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Built 1867; Replaced 1921
Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Contoocook River on Boston & Maine Railroad
Replaced by a new bridge

Back Creek Covered Bridge (Franklin County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Back Creek on Saint Thomas Williamson Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Backbone Bridge (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1878; Burned July 8th, 1914
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Middle River on Road
Destroyed by fire

Ballville Bridge (Old) (Sandusky County, Ohio)
Built 1858; replaced 1924
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Sandusky River on Tiffin Road (CR 53)
Replaced by a new bridge

Baltimore Covered Bridge 45-14-03 (Windsor County, Vermont)
built 1870
Lattice through truss bridge in Springfield.
Open to pedestrians only

Bangor-Brewer Covered Bridge (Penobscot County, Maine)
Built 1832; Lost to freshet1846; Replaced 1847
Lost covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Penobscot River on Road
Destroyed by flooding

Barner's Covered Bridge (Schoharie County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cobleskill Creek on Grand Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Bartonsville Covered Bridge 45-13-11x (Windham County, Vermont)
Built 1870; rehabilitated 1982; destroyed 2011; Replace with a new bridge 2013 Jan 26
Lost covered bridge over Williams River on C3008 (Lower Bartonsville Rd) in Rockingham
Destroyed by flooding from Hurricane Irene on Aug 28, 2011

Bath/Haverhill Covered Bridge 29-05-04 (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1827; rehabilitated 1973; Bypassed 1998; rehabilitated 2004
Covered bridge over Ammonoosuc River on NH 135
Open to Pedestrians

Beards Bridge (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1877 by Phillip Paddleford; Replaced 1937
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Connecticut River on North Monroe Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Beaverkill Covered Bridge 32-53-02 (Sullivan County, New York)
Built 1865; rehabilitated 1991 and 2016
Covered bridge over Beaverkill River on Campsite Road (TH 30)
Open to traffic

Bendo Covered Bridge 32-53-04 (Sullivan County, New York)
It was built from half of the former Livingston Manor Bridge in 1913
Covered bridge over Willowemoc Creek on Conklin Hill Rd.
Open to traffic

Benetka Road Covered Bridge 35-04-12 (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built ca. 1900; rehabilitated 1985
Covered bridge over Ashtabula River on Benetka Road
Open to traffic

Bentzel's Mill Covered Bridge (York County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Little Conewago Creek on Greenbriar Road
Destroyed by Hurricane Agnes in 1972

Bernadotte Covered Bridge (Fulton County, Illinois)
Built 1845; damaged by flood 1915 and replaced
Lost Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Spoon River on N Old Bridge Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Bethel Covered Bridge (Oxford County, Maine)
Built 1868-1869; replaced 1927
Lost Town lattice through truss covered bridge over Androscoggin River on Church Street in Bethel.
Replaced by a new bridge

Biddle Island Bridge (North) (Cass County, Indiana)
Built 1838
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Wabash River (North Channel) on Third Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Biddle Island Bridge (South) (Cass County, Indiana)
Built 1838; replaced 1870
Lost covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Wabash River (South Channel) on Third Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Big Bear Creek Covered Bridge 01-17-03x (Colbert County, Alabama)
Lost Bridge over Big Bear Creek
No longer exists

Blaine Road Covered Bridge 35-04-02x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1862; Destroyed by fire 1962
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Ashtabula River on Blaine Road (Green Hill Road)
Destroyed by fire

BM - Hillsborough Covered Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Built 1903; Pier washed out 1938; Abandoned 1979; Destroyed 1985.
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Contoocook River on Boston & Maine RR
Destroyed by arsonists in 1985

BM - Lindsley Bridge (old) (Caledonia County, Vermont)
Built 1891; Replaced 1921
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Passumpsic River on Boston & Maine Railroad
Replaced by a new bridge

Bridge Street Covered Bridge (Montgomery County, New York)
Built 1841; replaced 1897 with Baltimore through truss
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Mohawk River on Bridge Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Bridge Street Covered Bridge (New Haven County, Connecticut)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Naugatuck River on Bridge Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Broad Street Bridge (1832) 35-25-17x (Franklin County, Ohio)
Built ca. 1832; Replaced 1870
Lost Covered through truss bridge over Scioto River on Broad Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Brodhead's Bridge (Ulster County, New York)
Demolished 1913 for construction of Ashokan Reservoir
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Esopus Creek
Demolished

Brooks Covered Bridge (Orange County, New York)
Built 1840
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Moodna Creek on Main Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Brookwood Covered Bridge (Tuscaloosa County, Alabama)
Built ca. 1850; destroyed by fire 1961
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Hurricane Creek on Co Rd 59
Destroyed by fire

Brown Covered Bridge 45-11-09 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1880 by Nichols Powers
Covered bridge over Cold River on Upper Cold River Road in Shrewsbury
Open to one lane traffic

Brundage Bridge 29-05-B (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built in 1957 by William Cady for Charles Brundage to provide access to his land across Mill Brook.
Town lattice truss bridge over Mill Brook
Open to pedestrians only

Bucknell Covered Bridge (Lebanon County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Little Swatara Creek on S Lancaster Street
Replaced by a new bridge in 1950

Bulls Covered Bridge 07-03-01 (Litchfield County, Connecticut)
Built 1842; rehabilitated 1969 and 1994
Covered bridge over Housatonic River on Bulls Bridge Road in Kent
Open to traffic

Bunker Bridge (Columbia County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Claverack Creek on Union Turnpike (NY Rte.66)
Replaced by a new bridge

Cabin Run Covered Bridge 38-09-10 (Bucks County, Pennsylvania)
Built 1874
Cabin Run Covered Bridge on Covered Bridge Rd over Cabin Run Creek Plumstead Twp, PA


Callender Road Covered Bridge 35-04-24x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1870; Burned by owners December 1966
Lost Covered Town lattice truss bridge over Rock Creek (Now Lake Roaming Rock) on Callender Road
Destroyed by fire

Canal Greenway Covered Bridge (Licking County, Ohio)
Built 1991
Town lattice truss bridge over Unnamed tributary of South Fork of Licking river on Canal Greenway Trail
Open to pedestrians only

Cedar Covered Bridge (1883) (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1883; Moved 1921 ; Destroyed by arson Sept. 3, 2002. Destroyed by arson again 4/15/2017
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cedar Creek on Cedar Covered Bridge Road
Rebuilt June 2019

Cedar Covered Bridge (2004) (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 2004; Burned 2017
Reconstructed covered bridge over Cedar Creek on Cedar Bridge Road
Destroyed by fire on April 15, 2017

Cedar Swamp Bridge 45-01-01x (Addison County, Vermont)
Built 1865, pier added 1969, rehabilitated 1992, 2008; Destroyed by fire 2016
Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Otter Creek on C2001 in Salisbury
Destroyed by fire 2016

Cedarburg Covered Bridge 49-46-01 (Ozaukee County, Wisconsin)
Built 1876, Center Pier Added 1927, Declared Historic 1940, Bypassed 1962
Lattice through truss bridge over Cedar Creek on Covered Bridge Road
Open to pedestrians

Centre Bridge (1830) (Hunterdon County, New Jersey)
Half of the 1830 structure washed away in 1841. Either half or all of the bridge was built (or rebuilt) in 1841. Lost to a lightning strike started fire on July 22, 1923
Lost Bridge over Delaware River on Bridge Street
No longer exists

Chance Pond Brook Pedestrian Bridge (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Lattice through truss bridge over Chance Pond Brook on Pedestrian Path
Open to pedestrians only

Chequamegon Covered Bridge 49-51-01 (Price County, Wisconsin)
Built 1991
Town lattice truss bridge over South Fork, Flambeau River on Smith Rapids Road
Open to traffic

Cheraw Covered Bridge (Marlboro County, South Carolina)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Great Pee Dee River on Powe Street
Replaced by a new bridge after 1908 flood

Cheshire Toll Bridge (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Built 1806? Purchased in 1897 by the Springfield Electric Railway Company and replaced.
Lost Lattice Through truss over Connecticut River on Claremont Road.
Replaced by a new bridge

Chicopee River Covered Bridge (Hampden County, Massachusetts)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chicopee River on Springfield Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Chiselville Covered Bridge 45-02-05 (Bennington County, Vermont)
Built 1870 by Daniel Oatman; Damaged by overweight truck 1971; Rehabilitated 1973
Town Lattice Truss Bridge over Roaring Branch of Batten Kill on Sunderland Hill Rd.
Open to traffic

Cilleyville Covered Bridge 29-07-01 (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Built 1887; rehabilitated 2003
Covered bridge over Pleasant Brook in Andover
Closed to all traffic

Circleville Bridge (1837) (Pickaway County, Ohio)
Built 1837 by Circleville Bridge Co.; burned March 21, 1881
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Scioto River on Current-day route of US 22
Replaced by a new bridge

Claremont Covered Bridge (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Connecticut River on Main Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Clarendon Bridge 33-26-01#2x (Cumberland County, North Carolina)
This was the second of three major bridges built in North Carolina by Town. This was the first offical use of the Town lattice truss as it was developed at this time and pat. during this year.
Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Cape Fear River on Person St
Destroyed by fire

Clarkson Covered Bridge 01-22-01 (Cullman County, Alabama)
Built 1904 by James Legg. Destroyed by a flood in 1921 and rebuilt in 1922. Rehabilitated in 1975. Posted to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
Lattice through truss bridge over Crooked Creek on Central Rd. (CR 1043) at the Clarkson Covered Bridge Park
Open to pedestrians

Claylick Bridge (Franklin County, Pennsylvania)
Replaced 1947
Lost Howe through truss bridge over Licking Creek on Pa 75; Sr 0075 (Fort Loudon Rd)
Replaced by new bridge

Clayton Covered Bridge (Johnston County, North Carolina)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Neuse River on Covered Bridge Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Clifton Covered bridge (Dauphin County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Swatara Creek on Fulling Mill Road
Destroyed by flooding in Hurricane Agnes 1972; not replaced

Colliersville Covered Bridge (Otsego County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Susquehanna River on Main Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Columbia-Wrightsville Bridge (1868) (Lancaster County, Pennsylvania)
Built 1868
Lost covered truss bridge over Susquehanna River on Pennsylvania RR and road
Destroyed by Cedar Keys Hurricane in 1896

Columbus Covered Bridge (Lowndes County, Mississippi)
Built 1843
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Tombigee River on 4th Avenue South
No longer exists

Comstock Covered Bridge 45-06-04 (Franklin County, Vermont)
Built 1883; rehabilitated 2003
Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Trout River on Comstock Bridge Rd (C3042) in Montgomery
Open to traffic

Contoocook River Covered Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Contoocook River on Antrim Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Cooks Falls Covered Bridge (Delaware County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Beaver Kill on Cooks Brook Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Cooley Covered Bridge 45-11-07 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built in 1849 by Nichols Powers; rehabilitated 2004
Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Furnace Brook on C3013 in Pittsford
Open to one lane traffic

Coombs Covered Bridge 29-03-03 (Cheshire County, New Hampshire)
Built 1837; rehabilitated 1997
Covered bridge over Ashuelot River on Coombs Bridge Road in Winchester
Open to traffic

Corbin Covered Bridge 29-10-05 (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Built 1845; Destroyed by arson 1993; rebuilt 1994
Covered bridge over Croydon Branch Sugar River on Corbin Bridge Road in Newport
Open to traffic

Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge 45-14-14 / 29-10-09 (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Built 1866; Tolls removed 1943; Rehabilitated 1989
Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Connecticut River between Cornish, NH, and Windsor, VT
Open to one-lane traffic

Cowlesville Covered Bridge (Wyoming County, New York)
Built 1874
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Cayuga Creek on Reilein Road
Destroyed by arson in 1966

Creamery Covered Bridge 45-13-01 (Windham County, Vermont)
Built 1879; Rehabilitated 2007; Bypassed 2010
Covered bridge over Whetstone Brook on Guilford Street in Brattleboro
Open to pedestrians only

Creek Road Covered Bridge 35-04-05 (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1880; rehabilitated 1963 & 1995
Covered bridge over Conneaut Creek on Creek Road in Conneaut
Open to traffic

Cripple Deer Creek Covered Bridge 01-17-02x (Colbert County, Alabama)
Built ca.1820
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cripple Deer Creek on Allsboro Rd
No longer exists

Cromer's Mill Covered Bridge 10-59-01 (Franklin County, Georgia)
Built 1907
Town lattice through truss bridge over Nails Creek on Pearwood Road (Old alignment of Cromer's Bridge Road)
Open to pedestrians

Curwensville Covered Bridge (Clearfield County, Pennsylvania)
Lost covered bridge over Anderson Creek on Schofield St.
Replaced by a new bridge

Cutler-Donahoe Covered Bridge (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1871; relocated in 1970; rehabilitated 1997
Covered bridge over a ditch in Winterset City Park
Open to pedestrians only

CVRR - Susquehanna River Covered Bridge (1839) (Dauphin County, Pennsylvania)
Built 1839; destroyed by fire 1844
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Susquehanna River on Cumberland Valley Railroad
Destroyed by fire

Dean Covered Bridge (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1840
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Otter Creek on Union Street
Destroyed by fire

Delevan Covered Bridge (Cattaraugus County, New York)
Built 1872, Replaced 1921
Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over South Branch Cattaraugus Creek on RT 16
Replaced by a new bridge

Depot Covered Bridge 45-11-06 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1840; Rehabilitated 1974; Steel stringers added 1985
Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Otter Creek on Florence Road
Open to traffic

Depot Street Bridge (1892) (New Haven County, Connecticut)
(Main design: Lenticular through truss)
Built 1892
Lost Lenticular through truss bridge over Naugatuck River on Depot Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Devil's Hopyard State Park Covered Bridge (Middlesex County, Connecticut)
Town lattice truss bridge over Eight Mile River on Footpath
Open to pedestrians only

Dexter Covered Bridge (Jefferson County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Black River on Brown Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Dillingham Street Covered Bridge (Muscogee County, Georgia)
Built 1832, Rebuilt thrice (1841 after the 1838 flood destoryed the original, ?, 1865 after Union troops burned the second bridge.), Replaced 1910
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chattahoochee River on Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Dorr Bridge (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1871 by Evelyn Pierpoint; Destroyed by Great Flood of 1927
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Otter Creek on Dorr Drive
Destroyed by flooding

Downers Covered Bridge 45-14-08 (Windsor County, Vermont)
Built 1840 by James Tasker; Rebuilt in 2008; Rehabilitated 2011
Covered bridge over Black River on Upper Falls Rd (C3020) in Weathersfield
Open to traffic

Dunraven Covered Bridge (Delaware County, New York)
Built 1870; removed for construction of Pepacton reservoir c1954
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over East Branch Delaware River on NY 28
Replaced by a new bridge

E. & T. Fairbanks & Company Two-Story Covered Bridge (Caledonia County, Vermont)
Built c. 1876; Destroyed by fire 1972
Lost Two-Story Covered Town lattice truss with arches bridge over Sleepers River on Factory crossing
Destroyed by Fire

Eagleville Road Covered Bridge 32-58-01 (Washington County, New York)
Built 1858, major repairs in 2007
Covered bridge over Batten Kill on Eagleville Road
Open to traffic

Easley Covered Bridge 01-05-12 (Blount County, Alabama)
Built 1930; renovated 2012
Covered bridge over Dub Branch of Little Warrior River on Easley Bridge Road in Rosa
Open to all traffic- rebuilt in 2012

East Trumbell Covered Bridge 35-04-20x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Replaced 1950
Lost Covered Bridge over Trumbull Creek on Windsor-Mechanicsville Road
Replaced by a new bridge

Eastport Toll Bridge (Washington County, Maine)
Built 1807
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Bar Harbor on Old Toll Bridge Road
Removed but not replaced

Edgell Covered Bridge 29-05-11 (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1885; rehabilitated 1970
Covered bridge over Clay Brook on River Road in Lyme
Open to traffic

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