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Town lattice truss
View Exhibit map1820, Jan 28 - Ithiel Town was awarded a patent for a lattice truss used in bridge construction. Unlike other timber bridge trusses used at that time, Town's design depended on lap joints secured with treenails rather than precision mortising. This decreased the dependency on high-skill labor and decreased construction time.
Though there have been many variations implemented by various builders across the many, many years, characteristics of a typical truss web are: diagonals at about 45 degrees from horizontal, each diagonal intersecting four crossing diagonals for a total of six joints per diagonal, two lower chords - one at the diagonal ends and the other at the lowest diagonal intersection, a single top chord, and floor beams resting on the bottom chord.
The use of a lattice continued well beyond timber bridges and appears in sub-member construction of steel struts, chords, and sway braces.
3 Mile Covered Bridge 45-01-15x (Addison County, Vermont)
Built 1836; Arches added c.1860; Closed & Burned 1952Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Otter Creek on 3 Mile Bridge RoadDestroyed by fire
A. Frederick Oberlin Bridge (New Haven County, Connecticut)
Built 1979 by students of the Eli Whitney Technical School.Town lattice truss bridge over Mill River on White Trail Footpath in Whitneyville.Open to pedestrians only
Ableman Curve Covered Bridge (Sauk County, Wisconsin)
Bypassed and removed 1923Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Baraboo River on RoadRemoved
Adelphi Covered Bridge 35-65-05x (Pickaway County, Ohio)
Bridge was subject to a failed dynamiting in 1949Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Salt Creek on OH 180Replaced by a new bridge
Amoskeag Company Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Lost Bridges over Merrimack River on the current alignment of Foundry Street
Amsterdam Bridge (1843) 32-29-02x (Montgomery County, New York)
Built 1843; North span washed away by part of the Caughnawaga Bridge & replaced iwth a bowstring 1865; Washed Away & Replaced 1876Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Mohawk River on RoadDestroyed by flooding
Aquaduct Covered Bridge 38-09-59x (Bucks County, Pennsylvania)
Built 1848Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Hough's Creek on Upper River Road (Abandoned ?)Replaced by a new bridge in a different location
Ashland Covered Bridge 08-02-02 (New Castle County, Delaware)
Rehabilitated in 2008Covered bridge over Red Clay Creek on Barley Mill Road in AshlandOpen to traffic
Ashokan Covered Bridge 32-56-05 (Ulster County, New York)
Built 1885Town lattice truss bridge over Old Channel Esopus Creek on FootpathOpen to pedestrians only
Ashuelot Covered Bridge 29-03-02 (Cheshire County, New Hampshire)
Built 1864; rehabilitated 1999Covered bridge over Ashuelot River on Gunn Mountain Road in WinchesterOpen to traffic
Austin's Covered Bridge 32-13-37x (Delaware County, New York)
Built c1870Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over East Branch Delaware River on CO 38Replaced by a new bridge
B&M - Penacook Upper Covered Bridge (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Built 1867; Replaced 1921Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Contoocook River on Boston & Maine RailroadReplaced by a new bridge
Backbone Bridge (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1878; Burned July 8th, 1914Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Middle River on RoadDestroyed by fire
Bagley Covered Bridge 29-07-06x (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Built c1830Lost Lattice through truss covered bridge over Warner River on Road.No longer exists
Ballville Bridge (1858) 35-72-02x (Sandusky County, Ohio)
Built 1858; replaced 1924Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Sandusky River on Tiffin Road (CR 53)Replaced by a new bridge
Bangor-Brewer Covered Bridge 19-10-06x (Penobscot County, Maine)
Built 1832; Lost to freshet1846; Replaced 1847Lost covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Penobscot River on RoadDestroyed by flooding
Banister River Covered Bridge (Pittsylvania County, Virginia)
Built UnknownLost Town lattice truss bridge over Banister River on RT 29Replaced by a new bridge
Bartonsville Covered Bridge 45-13-11x (Windham County, Vermont)
Built 1870; rehabilitated 1982; destroyed 2011; Replace with a new bridge 2013 Jan 26Lost covered bridge over Williams River on C3008 (Lower Bartonsville Rd) in RockinghamDestroyed by flooding from Hurricane Irene on Aug 28, 2011
Bath/Haverhill Covered Bridge 29-05-04 (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1827; rehabilitated 1973; Bypassed 1998; rehabilitated 2004Covered bridge over Ammonoosuc River on NH 135Open to Pedestrians
Beaver Kill Covered Bridge 32-53-02 (Sullivan County, New York)
Built 1865; rehabilitated 1991 and 2016Covered bridge over Beaverkill River on Campsite Road (TH 30)Open to traffic
Bell Schoolhouse Covered Bridge (Indiana County, Pennsylvania)
Built in 1912; Removed and Replaced in 1948Lost Town lattice truss bridge over South Branch Plum Creek on Five Points Road (SR 4006)Replaced by a new bridge
Bendo Covered Bridge 32-53-04 (Sullivan County, New York)
It was built from half of the former Livingston Manor Bridge in 1913Covered bridge over Willowemoc Creek on Conklin Hill Rd.Open to traffic
Bentzel's Mill Covered Bridge (York County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Little Conewago Creek on Greenbriar RoadDestroyed by Hurricane Agnes in 1972
Bernadotte Covered Bridge (Fulton County, Illinois)
Built 1845 by Joseph Dykes; damaged by flood 1915 and replacedLost Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Spoon River on N Old Bridge RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Bethel Covered Bridge 19-09-08x (Oxford County, Maine)
Built 1868-1869; replaced 1927Lost Town lattice through truss covered bridge over Androscoggin River on Church Street in Bethel.Replaced by a new bridge
Big Reed Island Covered Bridge (Carroll County, Virginia)
Built in 1851; Replaced in 1939Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Big Reed Island Creek on RT 221Replaced by a new bridge
Billings Covered Bridge 45-11-45x (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1831; burned 1952.Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Otter Creek on Park StreetDestroyed by arson in 1952
Bingaman Covered Bridge 38-28-05x (Franklin County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Conococheague Creek on Worleytown RoadReplaced by a new bridge (in a different location)
Blaine Road Covered Bridge 35-04-02x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1862; Destroyed by fire 1962Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Ashtabula River on Blaine Road (Green Hill Road)Destroyed by fire
Blue Stone Covered Bridge (Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania)
Built UnknownLost Town lattice truss bridge over Wissahickon Creek on Wissahickon Drive (Primitive Road)Replaced by a new bridge (on a walking trail)
BM - Hillsborough Covered Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Built 1903; Pier washed out 1938; Abandoned 1979; Destroyed 1985.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Contoocook River on Boston & Maine RRDestroyed by arsonists in 1985
BM - Hopkinton Covered Railroad Bridge 29-07-07 (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Built 1889, Washed off abutments and restored 1936 & 1938; Abandoned 1962; Restored 1990; Major rehab 2003; Fire suppression and fire proofing 2009; Removal of center shelving 2017; Erosion control fixes, minor siding repairs, new staining 2019Double Lattice through truss bridge over Contoocook River on former Boston & Maine RailroadOpen to pedestrians
BM - Lindsley Bridge (old) (Caledonia County, Vermont)
Built 1891; Replaced 1921Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Passumpsic River on Boston & Maine RailroadReplaced by a new bridge
Bridge Street Covered Bridge 07-05-25x (New Haven County, Connecticut)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Naugatuck River on Bridge Street in Ansonia.Lost to fire and replaced by a new bridge
Bridge Street Covered Bridge 32-29-06x (Montgomery County, New York)
Built 1841; replaced 1897 with Baltimore through trussLost Town lattice truss bridge over Mohawk River on Bridge StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Bridgewater Falls Bridge 07-03-14x (Litchfield County, Connecticut)
Replaced in 1895 by a lenticular through truss bridgeLost Town lattice truss bridge over Housatonic River on Pumpkin Hill Road in New Milford.Replaced by a new bridge
Broad Street Bridge (1832) 35-25-17x (Franklin County, Ohio)
Built ca. 1832; Replaced 1870Lost Covered through truss bridge over Scioto River on Broad StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Brodhead's Bridge 32-56-12x (Ulster County, New York)
Demolished 1913 for construction of Ashokan ReservoirLost Town lattice truss bridge over Esopus CreekDemolished
Brooklyn Covered Bridge (Randolph County, North Carolina)
Built UnknownLost Town lattice truss bridge over Deep River on SR 2615Replaced by a new bridge
Brookside Covered Bridge 45-13-46x (Windham County, Vermont)
Damaged by flooding in 1936; lost to another flood in 1938.Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Rock River on Hunter Brook RoadDestroyed by flooding
Brookwood Covered Bridge (Tuscaloosa County, Alabama)
Built ca. 1850; destroyed by fire 1961Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Hurricane Creek on Co Rd 59Destroyed by fire
Brown Covered Bridge 45-11-09 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1880 by Nichols PowersCovered bridge over Cold River on Upper Cold River Road in ShrewsburyOpen to one lane traffic
Brundage Bridge 29-05-B (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built in 1957 by William Cady for Charles Brundage to provide access to his land across Mill Brook.Town lattice truss bridge over Mill BrookOpen to pedestrians only
Bulls Covered Bridge 07-03-01 (Litchfield County, Connecticut)
Built 1842; rehabilitated 1969 and 1994Covered bridge over Housatonic River on Bulls Bridge Road in KentOpen to traffic
Bunker Bridge 32-11-03x (Columbia County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Claverack Creek on Union Turnpike (NY Rte.66)Replaced by a new bridge
Burney's Covered Bridge (Randolph County, North Carolina)
Unknown date of construction; Replaced after 1933.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Uwharrie River on SR 1105Replaced by a new bridge
Burnt Covered Bridge (Original Location) (Forsyth County, Georgia)
Unsure of construction date; Moved to Mashburn Estate in 1958.Town lattice truss bridge over Settendown Creek on Burnt Bridge RoadIn storage or disassembled and moved to Mashburn Estate in 1958
Callender Road Covered Bridge 35-04-24x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1870; Burned by owners December 1966Lost Covered Town lattice truss bridge over Rock Creek (Now Lake Roaming Rock) on Callender RoadDestroyed by fire
Canal Greenway Covered Bridge (Licking County, Ohio)
Built 1991Town lattice truss bridge over Unnamed tributary of South Fork of Licking river on Canal Greenway TrailOpen to pedestrians only
Cartersville Covered Bridge (Bartow County, Georgia)
Built in 1883 by W. W. King; Removed and replaced in a different location; old site abandonedLost Town lattice truss bridge over Etowah River on Old alignment of RT 293Replaced by a new bridge in a different location. Old location abandoned.
Cedar Covered Bridge (1883) (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1883; Moved 1921 ; Destroyed by arson Sept. 3, 2002. Destroyed by arson again 4/15/2017Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cedar Creek on Cedar Covered Bridge RoadRebuilt June 2019
Cedar Covered Bridge (2004) (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 2004; Burned 2017Reconstructed covered bridge over Cedar Creek on Cedar Bridge RoadDestroyed by fire on April 15, 2017
Cedar Falls Covered Bridge (Randolph County, North Carolina)
Built in 1887; Replaced after 1935Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Deep River on SR 2221Replaced by a new bridge
Cedar Swamp Bridge 45-01-01x (Addison County, Vermont)
Built 1865, pier added 1969, rehabilitated 1992, 2008; Destroyed by fire 2016Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Otter Creek on C2001 in SalisburyDestroyed by fire 2016
Cedarburg Covered Bridge 49-46-01 (Ozaukee County, Wisconsin)
Built 1876, Center Pier Added 1927, Declared Historic 1940, Bypassed 1962Lattice through truss bridge over Cedar Creek on Covered Bridge RoadOpen to pedestrians
Centre Bridge (1830) 38-09-39#3x / 30-10-03#3x (Hunterdon County, New Jersey)
Half of the 1830 structure washed away in 1841. Either half or all of the bridge was built (or rebuilt) in 1841. Lost to a lightning strike started fire on July 22, 1923Lost Bridge over Delaware River on Bridge StreetNo longer exists
Chain Covered Bridge 38-09-62x (Bucks County, Pennsylvania)
Built in 1830; Rebuilt in 1865; Removed and Replaced in 1932Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Neshaminy Creek on Second Street PikeReplaced by a new bridge
Chamblees Mill Covered Bridge (Blount County, Alabama)
Built UnknownLost Town lattice truss bridge over Copeland Creek on Chamblees Mill RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Charlemont Covered Bridge 21-06-57x (Franklin County, Massachusetts)
Built 1838, closed after 1939 flood and replaced in 1944Lost through truss covered bridge over Deerfield River on Hawley RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Chattahoochee River Covered Bridge (Barbour County, Alabama)
Built in 1838; Lost in 1865 during Civil War; Rebuilt in 1867; Replaced in 1924.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chattahoochee River on (May have been Dillingham Street)Replaced by a new bridge
Cheraw Covered Bridge (Marlboro County, South Carolina)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Great Pee Dee River on Powe StreetReplaced by a new bridge after 1908 flood
Cherry Hill Covered Bridge (Erie County, Pennsylvania)
Built in 1870 by Jay Sherman; Replaced in 1929.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over West Branch Conneaut Creek on Route 6NReplaced by a new bridge in 1929
Cherrystone Creek Covered Bridge (Pittsylvania County, Virginia)
Unknown date of construction; Replaced in 1927.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cherrystone Creek on RT 29 (former RT 14)Replaced by a new bridge
Cheshire Toll Bridge (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Built 1806? Purchased in 1897 by the Springfield Electric Railway Company and replaced.Lost Lattice Through truss over Connecticut River on Claremont Road.Replaced by a new bridge
Chicopee River Covered Bridge (Hampden County, Massachusetts)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chicopee River on Springfield StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Chiselville Covered Bridge 45-02-05 (Bennington County, Vermont)
Built 1870 by Daniel Oatman; Damaged by overweight truck 1971; Rehabilitated 1973Town Lattice Truss Bridge over Roaring Branch of Batten Kill on Sunderland Hill Rd.Open to traffic
Church Hill Covered Bridge 38-09-22x (Bucks County, Pennsylvania)
Built in 1937; Lost in 1937; any replacement bridge is under the waters of Lake NockamixonTown lattice truss bridge over Tohickon Creek on Lost section of Old Bethlehem PikeInundated - Covered Bridge and any replacement is under the waters of Lake Nockamixon
Circleville Bridge (1837) (Pickaway County, Ohio)
Built 1837 by Circleville Bridge Co.; burned March 21, 1881Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Scioto River on Current-day route of US 22Replaced by a new bridge
Clarendon Bridge 33-26-01#2x (Cumberland County, North Carolina)
This was the second of three major bridges built in North Carolina by Town. This was the first offical use of the Town lattice truss as it was developed at this time and pat. during this year.Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Cape Fear River on Person StDestroyed by fire
Clarkson Covered Bridge 01-22-01 (Cullman County, Alabama)
Built 1904 by James Legg. Destroyed by a flood in 1921 and rebuilt in 1922. Rehabilitated in 1975. Posted to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.Lattice through truss bridge over Crooked Creek on Central Rd. (CR 1043) at the Clarkson Covered Bridge ParkOpen to pedestrians
Claylick Covered Bridge (Franklin County, Pennsylvania)
Replaced 1947Lost Howe through truss bridge over Licking Creek on Pa 75; Sr 0075 (Fort Loudon Rd)Replaced by new bridge in 1947
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