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Erie County

Aero Drive Bridge [Map · Street View]
Pony truss bridge over Ellicott Creek on Aero Drive in Cheektowaga
Open to traffic
Built 1936

Aero Drive Tunnel [Map · Street View]
Concrete rigid frame bridge over Aero Drive on Buf Airport Runwy
Open to traffic
Built 1960

Airport Drive Tunnel [Map · Street View]
Tunnel under Airport Drive on Buffalo Airport Runway
Open to authorized vehicles only

Amsdell Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Amsdell Road on Norfolk Western
Open to traffic
Built 1911

B&P RR-South Park Bridge [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Rte 62, South Park Ave on Buff & Pittsburgh
Unknown status
Built 1915

B&S - Alum Rock Trestle [Map]
Lost Pratt deck truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad
Removed

B&S - Landon Creek Bridge [Map]
Abandoned closed-spandrel arch bridge over Landon Brook on Buffalo & Susquehanna Railroad
Abandoned

Baltimore & Ohio RR-I 190 Bridge [Map · Street View]
Steel stringer bridge over Rte I90 on Baltimore & Ohio
Unknown status
Built 1956

Big Sister Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over Big Sister Creek on US 20
Open to traffic
Built 1929

Big Sister Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost pony truss bridge over Big Sister Creek on Lakeshore Road in Angola on the Lake
No longer exists
Built 1932; replaced 2000

Bigelow Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek in Springville
Bypassed, but restored and open to pedestrians
Built 1928

Borden Road Bridge [Map]
Lost concrete arch bridge over Buffalo Creek on Borden Road in West Seneca
Replaced by new bridge
Built 1931; replaced 2002

Borden Road Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Cayuga Creek on Borden Road in Cheektowaga
Open to traffic
Built 1931; rehabilitated 1976

BR&P - Springville Trestle [Map]
Abandoned deck truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on Buffalo & Pittsburgh Railroad
Derelict/abandoned

BSOR - Clear Creek Bridge 30.32 [Map]
Deck plate girder bridge over Clear Creek on Buffalo Southern Railroad
Open to traffic

BSOR - Clear Creek Railroad Viaduct - MP 28.18 [Map]
Warren deck truss with alternating verticals bridge over North Branch Clear Creek on Buffalo Southern Railroad
Open to traffic

Buff & Pittsburgh Bridge Rt 277 [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Rte 277 on Buff & Pittsburgh
Unknown status
Built 1967

Burnt Ship Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over Burnt Ship Creek on I-190
Open to traffic
Built 1935

Campbell Blvd. Bridge [Map]
Lost through truss bridge over Erie Canal on NY 270
Replaced by new through truss bridge
Built 1941; replaced 2008-09

Canalside Park Squire Wipple Truss Bridges [Map · Street View]
Bridge over park on Pedestrian
Open to pedestrians only
Built 2001 as a reconstruction of the 1850's bridge in same location using Squire Wipple's original blueprints.-per James McCray

Cattaraugus Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Deck truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on US 219
Demolished
Built 1956; rehabilitated 1971

Cattaraugus Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Three-span through truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on US 20/NY 5
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1931; rehabilitated 1979

Cayuga Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost truss bridge over Cayuga Creek on US 20
No longer exists
Built 1932; replaced 2002

Cayuga Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost truss bridge over Cayuga Creek on US 20
No longer exists
Built 1936; replaced 2002

Cayuga Creek Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Cayuga Creek on NY 354
Open to traffic
Built 1947; rehabilitated 1962

Cazenovia Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over Cazenovia Creek on US 20 in West Seneca
Open to traffic
Built 1929; rehabilitated 1968

Cazenovia Creek Bridge [Map]
Through truss bridge over Cazenovia Creek on NY 240 in West Seneca
Open to traffic
Built 1932; rehabilitated 1975

Cazenovia Creek Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Cazenovia Creek on NY 277 in West Seneca
Open to traffic
Built 1929

Cazenovia Park Bridge (Older) [Map]
Lost Bridge over Cazenovia Creek on Warren Spahn Way
Replaced by a new bridge

Cazenovia Park Bridge (Replacement) [Map · Street View]
Beam bridge over CAZENOVIA CREEK on WARREN SPAHN WAY
Open to traffic

Clarksburg Road Bridge [Map]
Through truss bridge over South Branch Eighteenmile Creek on Clarksburg Road
Open to traffic
Built 1911; rehabilitated 1988

Clear Creek Bridge [Map]
Pony truss bridge over Clear Creek on IRR NY 438
Open to traffic
Built 1935; rehabilitated 1992

CN - Harbour Draw [Map]
Swing bridge over Niagara Throughway & Black Rock Canal on Railroad (CN)
Open to traffic
Built 1909

Commerce Parkway Bridge [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over Central Avenue on Commerce Parkway
Open to traffic
Built 1950; rehabilitated 1985

Commercial Slip Squire Wipple Truss Bridge [Map · Street View]
Bowstring pony truss bridge over the Erie Canal on a pedestrian walkway
Open to pedestrians
Built 2001 as a reconstruction of the 1850's bridge in same location using Squire Wipple's original blueprints.

CSX - Big Sister Creek Bridge [Map]
Open-spandrel arch bridge over Big Sister Creek on CSX
Open to traffic

CSX - Buffalo River Bridge [Map · Street View]
Warren through truss bridge over Buffalo River on CSX Railroad
Open to traffic
Built in 1913

CSX - Cattaraugus Creek Bridge [Map]
Warren through truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on CSX Railroad
Open to traffic

CSX - Clinton Street Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over NY 354 (Clinton Street)/Lord Street on CSX Railroad
Open to traffic
Built 1903

CSX - CP Draw [Map · Street View]
Bridge over Buffalo River on Csx Railroad
Open to traffic
Built 1915

CSX - Ellicott Creek Bridge [Map]
Warren through truss with all verticals bridge over Ellicott Creek on CSX RR
Open to traffic
Erected here 1918 after being relocated from a NYWS&B crossing of a defunct section of the Erie Canal.

CSX - Erie Canal Bridge [Map · Street View]
Baltimore through truss bridge over the Barge Canal (Erie Canal) between Tonawanda and North Tonawanda
Open to traffic
Built 1918

CSX - Main Street Overpass [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over NY 265 (Main Street)
Open to traffic
Built 1918

CSX - Niagara Street Overpass [Map · Street View]
Truss bridge over Niagara Street and NY 266
Open to traffic
Built 1901

CSX - NY 384 Overpass [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over NY 384
Open to traffic
Built 1918

CSX - Parkside Avenue Overpass [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over Parkside Avenue
Open to traffic
Built 1910

CSX - Transit Road Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony plate girder bridge over Transit Road/NY78 on CSX Railroad
Open to traffic
Built 1937

CSX - Young Street Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over Young Street on CSX Railroad
Open to traffic
Built 1918

CSX RR Walden Avenue Bridge [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Rte 952q on Csx Transprtation
Open to traffic
Built 1924

Csx Trans Srvc Road-RT 249 Bridge [Map]
Beam bridge over Rte 249 on Csx Trans Srvc Road
Unknown status
Built 1903

Csx Transprtation Bridge -Union Road [Map · Street View]
Steel stringer bridge over Rte 277 on Csx Transprtation
Unknown status
Built 1941

CSX- Lake Avenue Blasdell [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Lake Avenue on CSX
Open to traffic

CSX-Howard Street, Fillmore Bridge [Map · Street View]
Steel stringer bridge over Howard Street, Fillmore on Csx Transprtation
Unknown status
Built 1904

CSX-William Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Bridge over William Street on Csx Transprtation
Open to traffic
Built 1926

Darling Road Cazenovia Creek (Replacement) [Map]
Stringer bridge over E B CAZENOVIA CRK on DARLING ROAD
Open to traffic

Delaware Avenue Bridge [Map · Street View]
Three-span pony truss bridge over Barge Canal (Erie Canal) on Delaware Street (NY 384) between Tonawanda and North Tonawanda
Open to traffic
Built 1930; rehabilitated 2001

Delaware Avenue Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Delaware Avenue (NY 384) on NY 198 in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1936

Dewey Avenue Overpass [Map · Street View]
Concrete rigid frame bridge over CSX Railroad on Dewey Avenue in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1909

DL&W - Buffalo River Bridge (Old) [Map]
Lost Pony/through plate girder bridge over Buffalo River on DL&W - Buffalo River Drawbridge
Replaced by a new bridge
Built ?, Replaced 1913

DL&W - Lower Buffalo River Drawbridge [Map · Street View]
Lost Warren through truss bascule bridge over Buffalo Creek on Delaware Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Removed
Built in 1913

DL&W - Smith Road Overpass [Map · Street View]
Lost Deck plate girder bridge over Smith Road on Railraod (DL&W)
Removed

DL&W - Upper Buffalo River Drawbridge [Map]
Lost Warren through truss bridge over Buffalo Creek on Delaware Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Removed
built 1911

DL&W Overpass [Map · Street View]
Abandoned pony/through plate girder bridge over Railroad on Railraod (DL&W)
Abandoned

DLWR - Transit Road Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony plate girder bridge over Transit Road/NY78 on Depew, Lancaster & Western Railroad
Open to traffic
Built 1937

Eighteen Mile Creek Bridge [Map]
Open-spandrel arch bridge over Eighteen Mile Creek on NY 5
Open to traffic
Built 1931; rehabilitated 1968

Eighteen Mile Creek Railroad Bridge 13.29 [Map]
Deck plate girder bridge over Eighteen Mile Creek on Buffalo Southern Railroad
Open to traffic

Eighteen Mile Creek Railroad Bridge 15.85 [Map]
Warren deck truss with alternating verticals bridge over Eighteen Mile Creek on Buffalo Southern Railroad
Open to traffic

Eighteenmile Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over Eighteenmile Creek on US 20
Open to traffic
Built 1929

Eighteenmile Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost steel arch bridge over Eighteenmile Creek on E. Church Street (CR 48)
No longer exists
Built 1948; replaced 2002

Ellicott Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Stone arch bridge over Ellicott Creek on NY 5 in Williamsville
Open to traffic
Built 1882; rehabilitated 1995

Ellicott Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost pony truss bridge over Ellicott Creek on N. Forest Road (CR 29)
No longer exists
Built 1936; rehabilitated 1960; replaced 2001

Ellicott Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Pony truss bridge over Ellicott Creek on Home Rd.
Removed but not replaced
Built 1926

Erie - Eighteenmile Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost Warren deck truss bridge over Eighteen Mile Creek on Erie & Buffalo Railroad
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1909

Erie - Ellicott Creek Bridge [Map]
Abandoned pony/through plate girder bridge over Ellicott Creek on Erie Railroad
Abandoned

Erie - Erie Canal Bridge [Map]
Lost Through truss bridge over Tonawnada Creek/Erie Canal on Erie Railroad & International Railway Co.
Removed
Built 19XX; Removed 1990

Foot Road Bridge [Map]
Pony truss bridge over Tonawanda Creek on Foot Road
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1940; rehabilitated 1962; Demolished 2010

Forest Lawn Cemetery Bridge [Map · Street View]
Stone arch bridge over Scajaquada Creek on Cemetery Drive Way
Open to traffic
Built 1888

Fuhrmann Boulevard Bridge [Map]
Warren through truss bridge over Union Canal on Hamburg Turnpike
No longer exists
Built 1907

Hammond Hill Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Pony truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on Hammond Hill Road
Open to traffic
Built 1939

Harlam Road-Buffalo River [Map · Street View]
Stringer bridge over BUFFALO RIVER on RTE 240
Open to traffic

International Railway Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss swing bridge over Niagara River on Railroad (CN)
Open to traffic
Built 1901

International Railway Co. - Ellicott Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost Bridge over Ellicott Creek on International Railway Co.
Removed but not replaced

Lancaster country Club Bridge #1 [Map]
Pratt pony truss bridge over Cayuga Creek on Pedestrian Trail
Open to pedestrians only

Lancaster country Club Bridge #2 [Map]
Pratt pony truss bridge over Cayuga Creek on Pedestrian Trail
Open to pedestrians only

LS&MS - Big Sister Creek Bridge [Map]
Lost Deck truss bridge over Big Sister Creek on former Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad in Angola
Replaced by new bridge
Built ca. 1865, replaced ca. 1910

LV - Smoke Creek Bridge [Map]
Abandoned closed-spandrel arch bridge over Smoke Creek on LV Lehigh & Lake Erie Branch
Derelict/abandoned

LV - Transit Road Overpass [Map · Street View]
Abandoned pony/through plate girder bridge over Transit Road/NY 78 on Lehigh Valley Railroad
Derelict/abandoned
Built 1937

LV/NKP/Erie Bridge LL449B [Map · Street View]
Abandoned baltimore through truss bridge over Norfolk Southern (NKP Main Line) and Erie B&SW Division on LV Lehigh & Lake Erie Branch and Pennsylvania Railroad
Derelict/abandoned, spans over NS removed

Main Street Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Ellicott Creek on Main Street
Open to traffic
Built 1922; rehabilitated 1970

Main Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Lost Pratt through truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on Main Street
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1889; Replaced ?

Main Street Bridge (Replacement) [Map · Street View]
Bridge

Marshfield Road Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over North Branch Clear Creek on Marshfield Road
Open to traffic
Built 1935

Michigan Avenue Bascule Bridge [Map]
Lost Warren pony truss bridge over Buffalo River on Michigan Avenue
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1895; Replaced 1960

Michigan Avenue Bridge [Map · Street View]
Vertical lift bridge over Buffalo River on Michigan Avenue in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1960, rehabilitated in 1970s and 1996

Mill Road Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Cazenovia Creek on Mill Road in West Seneca
Open to traffic
Built 1930; rehabilitated 1977

Mill Road Bridge [Map]
Lost pony truss bridge over East Branch Cazenovia Creek on Mill Road (CR 47) in East Aurora
No longer exists
Built 1928; rehabilitated 1982; replaced 2002

Murray Hill Road Bridge [Map]
Pony truss bridge over West Branch Cazenovia Creek on Murray Hill Road
Open to traffic
Built 1935

Niagara Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over Ellicott Creek on Niagara Street in Tonawanda
Open to pedestrians
Built 1909

Niagara Street Canadian National Railway Bridge [Map · Street View]
1909 Pony/through plate girder bridge over Niagara St on CNRR
Open to traffic

NKP - Buffalo River Bascule Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over Buffalo Creek on Norfolk Southern RR (formerly Nickel Plate RR)
Abandoned c1986 in favor of adjacent Buffalo Creek-Conrail bridge and left raised
Built 1913

Norfolk Southern Bridge- Union Road [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Rte 277 on Norfolk Southern
Unknown status
Built 1941

Norfolk Southern RR- Clinton Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Rte 354 on Norfolk Southern
Unknown status
Built 1898

Norfolk Southern-Jamison Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Steel stringer bridge over Jamison Rd Cr574 on Norfolk Southern
Unknown status
Built 1941

North Blossom Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over Buffalo Creek on North Blossom Road
Open to traffic
Built 1953

North Branch Clear Creek Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over North Branch Clear Creek on Genesee Road (CR 448)
Open to traffic
Built 1935

North Grand Island Bridge (NB) [Map · Street View]
Deck truss bridge over Niagara River on I-190 in Niagara Falls
Open to traffic
Built 1935; rehabilitated 1990

NS - Buffalo Creek Bridge [Map]
Through truss bridge over Buffalo Creek on Pennsylvania Railroad
Open to traffic

NS - Cattaraugus Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Warren through truss bridge over Cattaraugus Creek on Norfolk Southern Railway
Open to traffic

NS - Electric Avenue Overpass [Map · Street View]
Deck plate girder bridge over Electric Avenue on Norfolk Southern Railway
Open to traffic
Built 1897

NS - NY354 Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over NY 354 on Norfolk Southern Railway
Redundant
NBI says 1898, looks newer than that

NS - Transit Road Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over Transit Road on Norfolk Southern Railway
Open to traffic
Built 1937

NS - US20A Overpass [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over US-20A on NS Railroad
Open to traffic
Built 1934

NS - William Street Overpass [Map · Street View]
Concrete stringer bridge over William Street on Norfolk Southern Railway
Open to traffic
Built 1936

NS RR -Transit Road at Elma line [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over US 20 (Transit Road) on NS RR
Open to traffic
Built 2000

NS/BSOR Overpass [Map]
Abandoned through truss bridge over Buffalo Southern Railroad on Norfolk Southern Railway
Abandoned

NS/CSX Overpass [Map · Street View]
Abandoned Baltimore through truss bridge over CSX Railroad on Norfolk Southern Railway
Abandoned

NYC - Tonawanda Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over Tonawanda Creek/New York State Barge Canal on New York Central RR
Derelict/abandoned

NYC/Erie Overpass (S) [Map · Street View]
Abandoned Baltimore through truss bridge over Erie Railroad on New York Central Railroad
Abandoned

Ohio Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Vertical lift through truss bridge over Buffalo River on Ohio Street
Open to traffic
Built 1961

Ohio Street Bridge (Old) [Map]
Lost Warren through truss bridge over Buffalo River on Ohio Street
Replaced by a new bridge

Old Bullis Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Abandoned closed-spandrel arch bridge over Buffalo Creek on Old Bullis Road
Derelict/abandoned
Bypassed in 1967

Olean Road Cazenovia Creek (Replacement) [Map · Street View]
Stringer bridge over CAZENOVIA CREEK on RTE 16
Open to traffic

Peace Bridge [Map · Street View]
Steel arch and through truss bridge over Niagara River & Black Rock Canal in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1927; rehabilitated 1989

Pipe Line Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over NY 266 on Pipe Line
Open to traffic
Built 1919

Queen Street over William Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete rigid frame bridge over William Street on Queen Street
Open to traffic
Built 1936

Rein Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Pony truss bridge over Ellicott Creek on Rein Road in Cheektowaga
Open to traffic
Built 1933; rehabilitated 1986

Ridge Road Bridge [Map]
Lost through truss bridge over CSX Railroad on Ridge Road in Buffalo
No longer exists
Built 1932; rehabilitated 1978; replaced 2009

Robert Rich Way CSX Transportation Bridge [Map · Street View]
Pony/through plate girder bridge over Robert Rich Way on CSXTRR
Open to traffic
Built 1901 American Bridge Co. Buffalo Plant

Rt 39-Cattauraugus Creek Branch Bridge (Old) [Map · Street View]
Lost Concrete tee beam bridge over Catt Ck Branch on Rte 39
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1932

Rt39-Cattauraugus Creek Branch Bridge (Replacement) [Map]
Culvert bridge over Catt Ck Branch on Rte 39
Open to traffic
Built 2016

Rte 62-Buffalo Southern Bridge [Map · Street View]
Girder bridge over Rte 62 on Buffalo Southern
Unknown status
Built 1929

Ryder Bridge [Map]
Bridge

SBRR/CSX Overpass [Map · Street View]
Polygonal Warren through truss with all verticals bridge over NKP, NYC Main Lines on South Buffalo Railroad
Open to traffic

Scajaquada Creek Bridge [Map]
Stone arch bridge over Scajaquada Creek on NY 5 in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1921

Scajaquada Creek CSX Transportation Bridge [Map · Street View]
Baltimore through truss bridge over Scajaquada Creek on CSXTRR
Open to pedestrians only
Built 1901

Schwartz Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over Cayuga Creek on Schwartz Road
Open to traffic
Built 1921; rehabilitated 1984

Seymour Street Bridge (Older) [Map]
Lost Bowstring pony truss bridge over Erie Canal on Seymour Street
Replaced by a new bridge
Built 1857

South Grand Island Bridge (NB) [Map · Street View]
Steel through arch bridge over Niagara River/Rt 266 on I-190 (NB)
Open to traffic
Built 1963

South Grand Island Bridge (SB) [Map · Street View]
Steel through arch bridge over Niagara River on I-190 (SB)
Open to traffic
Built 1935; rehabilitated 1963

South Michigan Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Warren through truss bridge over Buffalo City Canal on South Michigan Street
No longer exists
Built 1904

South Park Avenue Bridge [Map · Street View]
Vertical lift through truss bridge over Buffalo River on South Park Avenue in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1952; rehabilitated 2005

South Park Loop Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over South Park Lake on South Park Loop in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1920

Stony Bottom Creek Bridge [Map]
Concrete arch bridge over Stony Bottom Creek on US 20A
Open to traffic
Built 1948

The pine lodge bridge [Map]
Through truss bridge on foot path

Tonawanda Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Through truss bridge over Tonawanda Creek on Burdick Road (CR 258)
Open to traffic
Built 1937; rehabilitated 1984

Two Rod Road-Little Buffalo Creek Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete tee beam bridge over Lit Buffalo Creek on Rte 954g
Open to traffic
Built 1931; rehabilitated 1994

Union Road - Cayuga Creek (Replacement) [Map · Street View]
Bridge
Open to traffic

Versailles Plank Road Bridge [Map · Street View]
Concrete arch bridge over a branch of Big Sister Creek on Versailles Plank Road
Open to traffic
Built 1937

Versailles Plank Road Bridge [Map]
Pratt through truss bridge over Eighteenmile Creek
Open to pedestrians only
Abandoned 1960, rehabilitated and opened to pedestrians 1995

Ward Drive Bridge [Map · Street View]
Deck truss bridge over Big Gulf Creek on Ward Drive
Open to traffic
Built 1933; rehabilitated 1975

West Ferry Street Bridge [Map · Street View]
Bascule bridge over Black Rock Canal on West Ferry Street in Buffalo
Open to traffic
Built 1913

Zoeller Road Bridge [Map]
Lost truss bridge over Ellicott Creek on Zoeller Road
No longer exists
Built 1932; replaced 2004