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Town lattice truss
View Exhibit map1820, Jan 28 - Ithiel Town was awarded a patent for a lattice truss used in bridge construction. Unlike other timber bridge trusses used at that time, Town's design depended on lap joints secured with treenails rather than precision mortising. This decreased the dependency on high-skill labor and decreased construction time.
Though there have been many variations implemented by various builders across the many, many years, characteristics of a typical truss web are: diagonals at about 45 degrees from horizontal, each diagonal intersecting four crossing diagonals for a total of six joints per diagonal, two lower chords - one at the diagonal ends and the other at the lowest diagonal intersection, a single top chord, and floor beams resting on the bottom chord.
The use of a lattice continued well beyond timber bridges and appears in sub-member construction of steel struts, chords, and sway braces.
3 Mile Bridge (Addison County, Vermont)
Built 1836; Arches added c.1860; Closed & Burned 1952Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Otter Creek on 3 Mile Bridge RoadDestroyed by fire
Ableman Curve Covered Bridge (Sauk County, Wisconsin)
Bypassed and removed 1923Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Baraboo River on RoadRemoved
Amoskeag Company Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Lost Bridges over Merrimack River on the current alignment of Foundry Street
Amsterdam Bridge (1843) (Montgomery County, New York)
Built 1843; North span washed away by part of the Caughnawaga Bridge & replaced iwth a bowstring 1865; Washed Away & Replaced 1876Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Mohawk River on RoadDestroyed by flooding
Ashland Covered Bridge 08-02-02 (New Castle County, Delaware)
Rehabilitated in 2008Covered bridge over Red Clay Creek on Barley Mill Road in AshlandOpen to traffic
Ashokan Covered Bridge 32-56-05 (Ulster County, New York)
Built 1885Town lattice truss bridge over Old Channel Esopus Creek on FootpathOpen to pedestrians only
Ashuelot Covered Bridge 29-03-02 (Cheshire County, New Hampshire)
Built 1864; rehabilitated 1999Covered bridge over Ashuelot River on Gunn Mountain Road in WinchesterOpen to traffic
B&M - Penacook Upper Covered Bridge (Merrimack County, New Hampshire)
Built 1867; Replaced 1921Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Contoocook River on Boston & Maine RailroadReplaced by a new bridge
Backbone Bridge (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1878; Burned July 8th, 1914Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Middle River on RoadDestroyed by fire
Bangor-Brewer Covered Bridge (Penobscot County, Maine)
Built 1832; Lost to freshet1846; Replaced 1847Lost covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Penobscot River on RoadDestroyed by flooding
Barner's Covered Bridge (Schoharie County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cobleskill Creek on Grand StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Bartonsville Covered Bridge 45-13-11x (Windham County, Vermont)
Built 1870; rehabilitated 1982; destroyed 2011; Replace with a new bridge 2013 Jan 26Lost covered bridge over Williams River on C3008 (Lower Bartonsville Rd) in RockinghamDestroyed by flooding from Hurricane Irene on Aug 28, 2011
Bath/Haverhill Covered Bridge 29-05-04 (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1827; rehabilitated 1973; Bypassed 1998; rehabilitated 2004Covered bridge over Ammonoosuc River on NH 135Open to Pedestrians
Beards Bridge (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1877 by Phillip Paddleford; Replaced 1937Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Connecticut River on North Monroe RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Beaverkill Covered Bridge 32-53-02 (Sullivan County, New York)
Built 1865; rehabilitated 1991 and 2016Covered bridge over Beaverkill River on Campsite Road (TH 30)Open to traffic
Bendo Covered Bridge 32-53-04 (Sullivan County, New York)
It was built from half of the former Livingston Manor Bridge in 1913Covered bridge over Willowemoc Creek on Conklin Hill Rd.Open to traffic
Bernadotte Covered Bridge (Fulton County, Illinois)
Built 1845; damaged by flood 1915 and replacedLost Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Spoon River on N Old Bridge RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Bethel Covered Bridge (Oxford County, Maine)
Built 1869Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Androscoggin River on Church StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Blaine Road Covered Bridge 35-04-02x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1862; Destroyed by fire 1962Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Ashtabula River on Blaine Road (Green Hill Road)Destroyed by fire
BM - Hillsborough Covered Bridge (Hillsborough County, New Hampshire)
Built 1903; Pier washed out 1938; Abandoned 1979; Destroyed 1985.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Contoocook River on Boston & Maine RRDestroyed by arsonists in 1985
BM - Lindsley Bridge (old) (Caledonia County, Vermont)
Built 1891; Replaced 1921Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Passumpsic River on Boston & Maine RailroadReplaced by a new bridge
Broad Street Bridge (1st) 35-25-17x (Franklin County, Ohio)
Built ca. 1832; Replaced 1870Lost Covered through truss bridge over Scioto River on Broad StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Brodhead's Bridge (Ulster County, New York)
Demolished 1913 for construction of Ashokan ReservoirLost Town lattice truss bridge over Esopus Creek Demolished
Brookwood Covered Bridge (Tuscaloosa County, Alabama)
Built ca. 1850; destroyed by fire 1961Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Hurricane Creek on Co Rd 59Destroyed by fire
Brown Covered Bridge 45-11-09 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1880 by Nichols PowersCovered bridge over Cold River on Upper Cold River Road in ShrewsburyOpen to one lane traffic
Brundage Bridge 29-05-B (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built in 1957 by William Cady for Charles Brundage to provide access to his land across Mill Brook.Town lattice truss bridge over Mill BrookOpen to pedestrians only
Bucknell Covered Bridge (Lebanon County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Little Swatara Creek on S Lancaster StreetReplaced by a new bridge in 1950
Bulls Covered Bridge 07-03-01 (Litchfield County, Connecticut)
Built 1842; rehabilitated 1969 and 1994Covered bridge over Housatonic River on Bulls Bridge Road in KentOpen to traffic
Callender Road Covered Bridge 35-04-24x (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1870; Burned by owners December 1966Lost Covered Town lattice truss bridge over Rock Creek (Now Lake Roaming Rock) on Callender RoadDestroyed by fire
Canal Greenway Covered Bridge (Licking County, Ohio)
Built 1991Town lattice truss bridge over Unnamed tributary of South Fork of Licking river on Canal Greenway TrailOpen to pedestrians only
Cedar Covered Bridge (1883) (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1883; Moved 1921 ; Destroyed by arson Sept. 3, 2002. Destroyed by arson again 4/15/2017Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Cedar Creek on Cedar Covered Bridge RoadRebuilt June 2019
Cedar Covered Bridge (2004) (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 2004; Burned 2017Reconstructed covered bridge over Cedar Creek on Cedar Bridge RoadDestroyed by fire on April 15, 2017
Cedar Swamp Bridge 45-01-01x (Addison County, Vermont)
Built 1865, pier added 1969, rehabilitated 1992, 2008; Destroyed by fire 2016Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Otter Creek on C2001 in SalisburyDestroyed by fire 2016
Cedarburg Covered Bridge 49-46-01 (Ozaukee County, Wisconsin)
Built 1876, Center Pier Added 1927, Declared Historic 1940, Bypassed 1962Lattice through truss bridge over Cedar Creek on Covered Bridge RoadOpen to pedestrians
Centre Bridge (1830) (Hunterdon County, New Jersey)
Half of the 1830 structure washed away in 1841. Either half or all of the bridge was built (or rebuilt) in 1841. Lost to a lightning strike started fire on July 22, 1923Lost Bridge over Delaware River on Bridge StreetNo longer exists
Cheraw Covered Bridge (Marlboro County, South Carolina)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Great Pee Dee River on Powe StreetReplaced by a new bridge after 1908 flood
Chicopee River Covered Bridge (Hampden County, Massachusetts)
Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chicopee River on Springfield StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Chiselville Covered Bridge 45-02-05 (Bennington County, Vermont)
Built 1870 by Daniel Oatman; Damaged by overweight truck 1971; Rehabilitated 1973Town Lattice Truss Bridge over Roaring Branch of Batten Kill on Sunderland Hill Rd.Open to traffic
Clarendon Bridge 33-26-01#2x (Cumberland County, North Carolina)
This was the second of three major bridges built in North Carolina by Town. This was the first offical use of the Town lattice truss as it was developed at this time and pat. during this year.Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Cape Fear River on Person StDestroyed by fire
Clarkson Covered Bridge 01-22-01 (Cullman County, Alabama)
Built 1904 by James Legg. Destroyed by a flood in 1921 and rebuilt in 1922. Rehabilitated in 1975. Posted to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.Lattice through truss bridge over Crooked Creek on Central Rd. (CR 1043) at the Clarkson Covered Bridge ParkOpen to pedestrians
Claylick Bridge (Franklin County, Pennsylvania)
Replaced 1947Lost Howe through truss bridge over Licking Creek on Pa 75; Sr 0075 (Fort Loudon Rd)Replaced by new bridge
Columbus Covered Bridge (Lowndes County, Mississippi)
Built 1843Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Tombigee River on 4th Avenue SouthNo longer exists
Comstock Covered Bridge 45-06-04 (Franklin County, Vermont)
Built 1883; rehabilitated 2003Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Trout River on Comstock Bridge Rd (C3042) in MontgomeryOpen to traffic
Cooks Falls Covered Bridge (Delaware County, New York)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Beaver Kill on Cooks Brook RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Cooley Covered Bridge 45-11-07 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built in 1849 by Nichols Powers; rehabilitated 2004Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Furnace Brook on C3013 in PittsfordOpen to one lane traffic
Coombs Covered Bridge 29-03-03 (Cheshire County, New Hampshire)
Built 1837; rehabilitated 1997Covered bridge over Ashuelot River on Coombs Bridge Road in WinchesterOpen to traffic
Corbin Covered Bridge 29-10-05 (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Built 1845; Destroyed by arson 1993; rebuilt 1994Covered bridge over Croydon Branch Sugar River on Corbin Bridge Road in NewportOpen to traffic
Cornish-Windsor Covered Bridge 45-14-14 / 29-10-09 (Sullivan County, New Hampshire)
Built 1866; Tolls removed 1943; Rehabilitated 1989Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Connecticut River between Cornish, NH, and Windsor, VTOpen to one-lane traffic
Creamery Covered Bridge 45-13-01 (Windham County, Vermont)
Built 1879; Rehabilitated 2007; Bypassed 2010Covered bridge over Whetstone Brook on Guilford Street in BrattleboroOpen to pedestrians only
Creek Road Covered Bridge 35-04-05 (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1880; rehabilitated 1963 & 1995Covered bridge over Conneaut Creek on Creek Road in ConneautOpen to traffic
Cromer's Mill Covered Bridge 10-59-01 (Franklin County, Georgia)
Built 1907Town lattice through truss bridge over Nails Creek on Pearwood Road (Old alignment of Cromer's Bridge Road)Open to pedestrians
Cutler-Donahoe Covered Bridge (Madison County, Iowa)
Built 1871; relocated in 1970; rehabilitated 1997Covered bridge over a ditch in Winterset City ParkOpen to pedestrians only
Delevan Covered Bridge (Cattaraugus County, New York)
Built 1872, Replaced 1921Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over South Branch Cattaraugus Creek on RT 16Replaced by a new bridge
Depot Covered Bridge 45-11-06 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1840; Rehabilitated 1974; Steel stringers added 1985Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Otter Creek on Florence RoadOpen to traffic
Depot Street Bridge (1892) (New Haven County, Connecticut)
(Main design: Lenticular through truss)Built 1892Lost Lenticular through truss bridge over Naugatuck River on Depot StreetReplaced by a new bridge
Dillingham Street Covered Bridge (Muscogee County, Georgia)
Built 1832, Rebuilt thrice (1841 after the 1838 flood destoryed the original, ?, 1865 after Union troops burned the second bridge.), Replaced 1910Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chattahoochee River on RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Dorr Bridge (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built 1871 by Evelyn Pierpoint; Destroyed by Great Flood of 1927Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Otter Creek on Dorr DriveDestroyed by flooding
Downers Covered Bridge 45-14-08 (Windsor County, Vermont)
Built 1840 by James Tasker; Rebuilt in 2008; Rehabilitated 2011Covered bridge over Black River on Upper Falls Rd (C3020) in WeathersfieldOpen to traffic
Easley Covered Bridge 01-05-12 (Blount County, Alabama)
Built 1930; renovated 2012Covered bridge over Dub Branch of Little Warrior River on Easley Bridge Road in RosaOpen to all traffic- rebuilt in 2012
Eastport Toll Bridge (Washington County, Maine)
Built 1807Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Bar Harbor on Old Toll Bridge RoadRemoved but not replaced
Edgell Covered Bridge 29-05-11 (Grafton County, New Hampshire)
Built 1885; rehabilitated 1970Covered bridge over Clay Brook on River Road in LymeOpen to traffic
Elder Mill Bridge 10-108-01 (Oconee County, Georgia)
Built 1897Covered Town Lattice bridge over Rose Creek on Elder Mill RoadOpen to traffic
Elkin Covered Bridge (Yadkin County, North Carolina)
Built 1873; Replaced 1913Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Yadkin River on RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Enfield-Suffield Covered Bridge (Hartford County, Connecticut)
Built 1832; closed 1896; destroyed by flood 1900Lost Through truss bridge over Connecticut River and Enfield Canal.Destroyed by flooding; not replaced
Errol Covered Bridge (Coos County, New Hampshire)
Built 1860Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Bear Brook on Upton RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Erwinna Covered Bridge 38-09-04 (Bucks County, Pennsylvania)
Built 1871Town lattice truss bridge over Roaring Rocks Creek on Geigel Hill RoadOpen to traffic
Eufaula Covered Bridge (Barbour County, Alabama)
Built 1833, Replaced 1925Lost Town lattice through truss bridge over Chattahoochee River on Eufaula-Georgetown Pike.No longer exists
Euharlee Covered Bridge (Bartow County, Georgia)
Built 1886 by Washington W. King and Jonathan H. Burke; made obsolete by new bridge in 1980Covered bridge over Euharlee Creek on Covered Bridge Road in EuharleeOpen to pedestrians only
Fairfax Covered Bridge 45-06-02 (Franklin County, Vermont)
Built 1865; Washed off abutments & restored 1927; rehabilitated 1975, 1990 & 2002Covered Town lattice through truss bridge over Mill Brook on Maple St (C3035) in FairfaxOpen to traffic
Farmington Covered Bridge (Hartford County, Connecticut)
Built 1831 by Samuel Dickinson; replaced 1904.Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Farmington River on Farmington Avenue in FarmingtonReplaced by a new bridge
Fitches Covered Bridge 32-13-02 #2 (Delaware County, New York)
Built 1870; relocated 1885, replaced 2001Covered bridge over West Branch Delaware River on Fitches Bridge RoadOpen to traffic
Florence Covered Bridge (Stewart County, Georgia)
Built 1836, Destroyed by flooding 1846Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Chattahoochie River on RoadDestroyed by flooding
French's Mills Covered Bridge (Albany County, New York)
Built in 1869, demolished in 1933Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Normans Kill on French's Mill RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Frystown Covered Bridge (Berks County, Pennsylvania)
Lost Town lattice truss covered bridge over Little Swatara Creek on Camp Swatara RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Fuller Covered Bridge 45-06-05 #2 (Franklin County, Vermont)
Built 1890; rehabilitated 2000Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Black Falls Brook on Fuller Bridge Road (C2001) in MontgomeryOpen to traffic
Garfield Covered Bridge (Lamoille County, Vermont)
Built 1870; Bypassed by a culvert 1965; Sold to developer 1971; split in half and removedLost Town lattice truss bridge over Green River on Carpenter Hill roadRemoved. Half of bridge lost, other half extant.
Gaylordsville Covered Bridge (Litchfield County, Connecticut)
Built 1876Lost town lattice truss covered bridge over Housatonic River on Kent RoadReplaced by a new bridge
Gilliland's Covered Bridge 01-28-C (Etowah County, Alabama)
Originally built 1899 over Little Wills Creek near Reece City, AL. Bridge restored and relocated to present day location in 1967.Lattice through truss bridge over A small pond in Noccalula Falls Park on a pedestrian trail in Noccalula Falls Park off of AL 211 in GadsdenOpen to pedestrians
Glens Falls Covered Bridge (Saratoga County, New York)
Built 1868; Replaced 1890Lost Town lattice truss bridge over Hudson River on RoadDestroyed by flooding
Goddard Covered Bridge 17-35-06 (Fleming County, Kentucky)
Goddard Covered Bridge is the only Town Lattice Truss Covered Bridge in KY. Original building date unknown but design patented in 1820. Bridge placed on National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Bridge restored in 2006.Covered bridge over Sand Lick Creek on KY 3110Open to traffic
Gorham Covered Bridge 45-11-04 (Rutland County, Vermont)
Built in 1842 by Abraham Owen and Nichols Powers; completely rebuilt in 2004Covered Town Lattice through truss bridge over Otter Creek on C3006 in ProctorOpen to traffic
Graham Road Covered Bridge 35-04-13 (Ashtabula County, Ohio)
Built 1867 over East Fork Ashtabula River; relocated to dry land in 1972Covered bridge over dry ground on Graham Road, northwest of PierpontOpen to pedestrians only
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