Carquinez Straits Bridge (1927)
Contra Costa County, California
and Solano County, California
Photos
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Carquinez bridge The original bridge was opened in 1927. The Lincoln Highway was rerouted across this bridge upon opening. A replica was built in 1958. The 1927 bridge carried westbound Interstate 80 traffic until it was replaced. Photo taken by C. J. Plummer, Lincoln Highway Association |
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Looking West to San Pablo Bay The 1927 bridge is in the foreground. HAER CA-297-1 |
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The 1927 & 1958 Bridges The 1927 Bridge is on the left. HAER CA-297-12 |
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View North from Pier 5 The 1927 bridge is on the left. HAER CA-297-17 |
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Aerial View Prior to building second structure Photo taken June 22, 1954 HAER CA-297-113 |
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Roadway View of Westbound Lanes on 1927 Bridge HAER CA-297-13 |
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View from Pier 4 looking south HAER CA-297-23 |
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Cantilever Arm/Span Joint Truss where the suspended span meets the cantilever arm. HAER CA-297-34 |
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Aerial View of both structures The 1927 span is on the left. HAER CA-297-4 |
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Original Toll Booth Circa late 1920's on the north end of the bridge. HAER CA-297-111 |
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Navigation Bell, Central Pier HAER CA-297-88 |
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North Anchor Arm Construction Circa 1923 - note the bolts cast into the concrete caisson for pier attachment. HAER CA-297-105 |
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Original Railing Detail The walkways were removed to widen the auto deck when the 1958 span was built. HAER CA-297-90 |
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Carquinez bridge Looking N from S side of Sacramento River. 1927 bridge is on left. Photo taken by Craig Philpott in 1986 |
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New Carquinez Straits Bridge New suspension bridge, Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge, opened 2003, new bridge on left. Photo looking north. Photo taken by Craig Philpott in February 2009 |
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New Carquinez Straits Bridge New suspension bridge, Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge, opened 2003, new bridge on nearside, 1958 bridge behind. Photo looking NE. Photo taken by Craig Philpott in February 2009 |
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Photo taken by Historic American Engineering Record |
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The Historical Importance of the Carquinez Bridge
Written by J.R. ManningThe Carquinez Straits Bridge was an important link that connected the Bay area to Sacramento and northern California. The waters around San Francisco presented a significant obstacle to transportation in the area, and the Carquinez Straits required either ferry service or long detours to avoid the area completely. A bridge across the straits was an absolute necessity to the economy of the area. It had been discussed in the late 19th Century, finally coming to fruition in the 1920's.
At the time the Carquinez Straits Bridge opened, it was longest bridge west of the Mississippi River. (It predated the San Francisco Bay Bridge and Golden Gate Bridge by eleven years.) It was also the first bridge to be designed to resist seismic forces. The two main spans were 1100 feet in length, making it, at the time, the fourth longest cantilever bridge in the world. Construction began in 1923 and the bridge opened in 1927, replacing ferry service across the straits.
The original route of The Lincoln Highway avoided the ferry crossing by coming from Stockton through Altamont Pass, then through Hayward to Oakland. Ferry service then carried the highway across the San Francisco Bay until 1938. When the Lincoln Highway was rerouted to cross the Carquinez Straits Bridge, the route was shortened by thirty miles.
With the development of the Interstate Highway System, I-80 also needed to cross the Straits of Carquinez. It was an incredibly important crossing, as evidenced by the fact the bridge carried 10 Million vehicles in 1955, compared to the one million it carried the year it opened. Using the extant bridge was an obvious choice, but the 1927 bridge only carried two lanes of traffic. A parallel bridge was built, 200 feet upstream, that opened in 1958. The new cantilever truss bridge resembled the 1927 structure in many ways, but was wider to carry four lanes of eastbound traffic. The deck of the 1927 bridge was widened by eliminating the pedestrian walkways, allowing the bridge to carry three very tight lanes for westbound traffic.
By the turn of the 21st Century, the old bridges were inadequate to meet modern traffic standards. The 1927 bridge did not meet current seismic standards and the deck was too narrow to carry three lanes of Interstate level traffic. Rebuilding of the 1927 bridge was determined too impractical and expensive. Access to the truss members was difficult, at best, and the traffic load too heavy to rebuild the bridge while open to traffic. The traffic snarl that would be created by simply closing the bridge for rebuilding would be controversial as well as impractical. The Carquinez Bridges were carrying an average of over 105,000 vehicles per day, closing one of the spans was just out of the question.
The 1927 bridge and the westbound Crockett exit ramp are listed on the National Register of Historic places, requiring special effort to replace the historic, but sadly obsolete, structure. A 54 page report that documents the 1927 Carquinez Straits Bridge can be viewed on the HAER website.
The new bridge now carries eastbound traffic. The 1958 bridge, after retrofitting, now carries the westbound lanes of I-80. After the opening the new bridge, the 1927 Carquinez Straits Bridge was dismantled. Photos of the dismantling, taken by Nicolas Janberg, can be found on the Structurae website at http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0000482.
Facts
- Overview
- Lost cantilevered through truss bridge over Carquinez Straits on Lincoln Highway, later I-80 Westbound Lanes in Vallejo
- Status
- Replaced by new bridge
- History
- Built 1927; replaced 2003; demolished 2006
- Builder
- - Robinson & Steinman (Design)
- Design
- Cantilevered through truss
- Dimensions
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Length of largest span: 1,100 ft.
Total length: 3,465 ft.
Vertical clearance above deck: 148 ft.
- Approximate latitude, longitude
- +38.06194, -122.22564 (decimal degrees)
38°03'43" N, 122°13'32" W (degrees°minutes'seconds") - Approximate UTM coordinates
- 10/567930/4212970 (zone/easting/northing)
- USGS topographic map
- Benicia
- Inventory number
- BH 36445 (Bridgehunter.com ID)
Update Log
- March 27, 2010: New photos from Jason Smith
- March 8, 2010: Updated by Craig Philpott: Added Street view
- February 19, 2010: Updated by Craig Philpott: Corrected GPS data
- August 7, 2009: Updated by Craig Philpott: added design firm name for original bridge.
- April 11, 2008: Essay added by J.R. Manning
- April 6, 2008: Updated by J.R. Manning
- March 30, 2008: Added by J.R. Manning
Sources
- J.R. Manning - thekitchenguy [at] sbcglobal [dot] net
- Structurae - Photos of the dismantling of the 1927 Carquinez Straits Bridge
- HAER - Historic American Engineering Record - HAER documentation of the 1927 Carquinez Straits Bridge
- Lincoln Highway Association - Official Website of the Lincoln Highway Association
- Craig Philpott - cphilpott [at] puc [dot] edu
- Jason Smith - JDSmith77 [at] gmx [dot] net
Comments
It's pretty bad when an interesting cantilever bridge is replaced, but it's worse when the replacement is an outright boring suspension bridge! Concrete towers and a slim steel box-girder deck make for a boring bridge. I never though suspension bridges could be boring until I saw close-ups of the new bridge on CALTrans website.